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Commercial Litigation Fundamentals – Parol Evidence Rule and Breach of Contract Litigation

Parole evidence is a rule of evidence that bestows a preferred status on final written agreements. The rule is designed to provide stability in business transactions. The rule protects the agreement from the risk of perjured testimony and the risk of uncertain testimony of a party with a “slippery” and “self-serving” memory. At trial, the […]

Commercial Litigation Fundamentals – Parol Evidence Rule and Breach of Contract Actions?

Parole evidence is a rule of evidence that bestows a preferred status on final written agreements. The rule is designed to provide stability in business transactions. The rule protects the agreement from the risk of perjured testimony and the risk of uncertain testimony of a party with a “slippery” and “self-serving” memory. At trial, the […]

Probate Fundamentals – What Are Letters of Office?

A. Despite its name, “Letters of Office” are not really a letter.  Instead, the Letters of Office are a one-page official certified document issued by a probate court after a probate estate has been opened. Letters of Office cannot be obtained without first opening a probate estate.  Upon entry of an order by the Court, the […]